{"id":11935,"date":"2022-08-24T17:10:35","date_gmt":"2022-08-24T15:10:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/comix-treme.com\/?p=11935"},"modified":"2023-08-31T10:44:03","modified_gmt":"2023-08-31T08:44:03","slug":"parlons-en-les-super-heros-religieux","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/comix-treme.com\/index.php\/2022\/08\/24\/parlons-en-les-super-heros-religieux\/","title":{"rendered":"Parlons-en: Les super-h\u00e9ros religieux"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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Lorsque la s\u00e9rie sur<\/span> Miss Marvel<\/span> a \u00e9t\u00e9 annonc\u00e9e sur Disney+, un \u00e9l\u00e9ment majeur a subi les foudres du grand public : sa religion, qui \u00e9tait au centre de la promo.<\/span> Kamala Khan<\/span> est une adolescente musulmane issue d’une famille d’immigr\u00e9s pakistanais, \u00e0 l’image de sa cr\u00e9atrice Sana Amanat. <\/span><\/b><\/p>

D\u00e8s le lancement de sa promo, la s\u00e9rie s’est vue rabaiss\u00e9e par un argument particulier, qui est devenu petit \u00e0 petit le centre mon attention : \u00ab Mais… les super-h\u00e9ros n’ont pas de religion !<\/em> Citez-moi un seul super-h\u00e9ros qui parle de sa religion<\/em>\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0<\/em>d\u00e9montrant une m\u00e9connaissance certaine du m\u00e9dia papier car, bien-s\u00fbr, le sujet est central dans les comics pour les personnages en eux-m\u00eames, ainsi que dans diverses adaptations. <\/b><\/span><\/b><\/p>

Alors, quelle est la v\u00e9ritable place de la religion chez les super h\u00e9ros ? Parlons-en !<\/b><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Kamala Khan et sa famille \u00a9 Marvel<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\u2727<\/strong><\/span><\/h1>

Les comics<\/em> ont toujours \u00e9volu\u00e9s en fonction de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9, s’adaptant aux modes, \u00e0 la politique, et aux \u00e9v\u00e9nements qui bouleversent notre monde. En 1940 par exemple,\u00a0la situation des\u00a0juifs\u00a0en\u00a0Allemagne nazie et les tensions internationales qui menacent l’arriv\u00e9e imminente d’une guerre motivent le sc\u00e9nariste Joe Simon<\/strong> et le dessinateur Jack Kirby,<\/strong> tous deux de confession juive, \u00e0 cr\u00e9er un super-h\u00e9ros patriote :<\/span> Captain America<\/strong><\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Captain America et Hitler, une longue histoire d'amour... \u00a9 Marvel<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Ce nouveau h\u00e9ros est rapidement utilis\u00e9 comme symbole de r\u00e9volte contre le r\u00e9gime nazi, devenant le porte parole de l’espoir pour la jeunesse am\u00e9ricaine. Mis en sc\u00e8ne dans des combats dantesques, le<\/span> Super Soldat<\/strong><\/span> a m\u00eame \u00e9t\u00e9 dessin\u00e9 en train cogner Adolf Hitler<\/strong> en personne ! Le personnage gagne en popularit\u00e9 de comics en comics jusqu’en 1945, ann\u00e9e signant la fin de la Seconde Guerre Mondiale. S’ensuit une p\u00e9riode o\u00f9 le comics perd son int\u00e9r\u00eat, et les ventes chutent drastiquement.<\/span> Marvel<\/strong> <\/span>essaye tant que bien que mal de relancer la machine en rempla\u00e7ant<\/span> Bucky<\/strong> <\/span>par<\/span> Golden Girl<\/strong><\/span>, l’amour de jeunesse de<\/span> Steve<\/strong><\/span>, mais rien n’y fait. Vient alors la Guerre Froide, o\u00f9<\/span> Captain America<\/strong><\/span> se voit attribu\u00e9 une nouvelle s\u00e9rie de comics<\/em> nomm\u00e9e<\/span> CAPTAIN AMERICA : COMMIE SMASHER <\/strong><\/span>(\u00ab\u00a0Briseur de Communiste<\/em>\u00a0\u00bb en anglais) qui sera rapidement abandonn\u00e9e \u00e0 cause de sa propagande jug\u00e9e ridicule et le personnage est d\u00e9laiss\u00e9. <\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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La vie priv\u00e9e des super-h\u00e9ros est<\/span> analys\u00e9e puis d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e, et la religion fait son arriv\u00e9e d’abord en tant qu’\u00e9l\u00e9ment pour d\u00e9velopper le c\u00f4t\u00e9 humain h\u00e9ros, puis en tant que partie enti\u00e8re de l’histoire. <\/span><\/p>

Chez<\/span> Marvel<\/strong><\/span>, c’est surtout dans les comics<\/span> X-Men<\/strong><\/span> que la religion est travaill\u00e9e en tant qu’\u00e9l\u00e9ment \u00e0 part enti\u00e8re. En plus d’un<\/span> Magneto <\/strong><\/span>juif qui voit la mutation comme l’\u00e9volution, d\u00e9crivant les mutants comme le peuple choisi par Dieu <\/em>\u00e0 l’image du peuple juif (les mutants subissent d’ailleurs une sorte de nouvel holocauste<\/em>), les<\/span> X-Men <\/strong><\/span>ne tardent pas \u00e0 nous offrir d’autres personnages avec un fond religieux plus important qui s’ouvre aux religions majeures en dehors de l’Am\u00e9rique. <\/span><\/p>

Donc, en plus de<\/span> Shadowcat<\/strong><\/span> qui est une adolescente juive qui fait l’\u00e9loge de la Torah et porte un collier repr\u00e9sentant l’\u00e9toile de David, et de<\/span> Diablo<\/strong><\/span> qui se d\u00e9voile en tant que fervent chr\u00e9tien catholique qui ne jure que par la Trinit\u00e9 malgr\u00e9 son apparence de d\u00e9mon, les<\/span> X-Men<\/strong><\/span> voient l’arriv\u00e9e de\u00a0<\/span>Dust <\/strong>(voir ci-contre)<\/span><\/span>, une jeune femme afghane de confession musulmane sunnite arborant un hijab, ou encore<\/span> Thunderbird <\/strong><\/span>qui est hindou et lutte contre la consommation d’animaux.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Dust \u00a9 Marvel<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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De m\u00eame avec la religion, la d\u00e9monologie est \u00e9galement incorpor\u00e9e dans le monde des comics<\/em> pour travailler \u00e0 la fois son lore<\/em> et les duels int\u00e9rieurs des personnages en \u00e9branlant leur foi et convictions. Ainsi vient<\/span> M\u00e9phisto<\/strong> <\/span>(le M\u00e9phistoph\u00e9l\u00e8s <\/strong>biblique) ou encore<\/span> Belz\u00e9buth<\/strong><\/span>, puis c’est Dieu<\/strong> Lui-m\u00eame qui fait Son arriv\u00e9e, d\u00e9crit comme le Cr\u00e9ateur de toutes choses \u2014 m\u00eame des<\/span> Asgardiens<\/strong> <\/span>ou des dieux gr\u00e9co-romains ! Chez<\/span> Marvel<\/strong>,<\/span> i<\/span><\/span>l se nomme<\/span> The-One-Above-All<\/strong> <\/span>(<\/span>Celui-Qui-Est-Au-Dessus-De-Tout<\/strong><\/em><\/span>), alors que chez<\/span> DC<\/strong> <\/span>Il est pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 en tant que<\/span> The Presence<\/strong><\/span> (<\/span>la Pr\u00e9sence<\/strong><\/em><\/span>).\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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The Presence & The-One-Above-All \u00a9 DC Comics\/Marvel<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Petit \u00e0 petit, bon nombre de personnages sans religions se mettent \u00e0 en avoir une, ou \u00e0 se convertir. Par exemple,<\/span> Reed Richards<\/strong><\/span> qui ne jurait jadis que par la science se met \u00e0 pr\u00eacher la Trinit\u00e9 (<\/span>MARVEL DOUBLE SHOT #3<\/strong><\/em>)<\/span><\/span>,<\/strong><\/span> Virtue<\/strong><\/span> et<\/span> Peter<\/strong> Parker<\/strong><\/span>\u00a0prient ensemble dans un placard du<\/span> Daily Bugle<\/strong><\/span> (<\/span>MARVEL KNIGHTS:<\/i>\u00a0SPIDER-MAN<\/b>\u00a0<\/em>#14<\/strong><\/em><\/span>), ou encore<\/span> Sabretooth<\/strong> <\/span>qui devient carr\u00e9ment \u00e9vang\u00e9liste ! <\/span><\/p>

Certains personnages n’existent que pour leur religion. C’est le cas de<\/span> Eddie Brock<\/span><\/strong> par exemple, qui devient<\/span> <\/span>Venom<\/strong><\/span> gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 sa foi catholique in\u00e9branlable. En voulant commettre le p\u00e9ch\u00e9 ultime \u2013 le suicide \u2013 apr\u00e8s avoir vu sa carri\u00e8re d\u00e9truite par <\/span>Spider-Man<\/strong><\/span>, <\/span>Eddie<\/strong><\/span> se rend \u00e0 l’\u00e9glise pour prier et demander pardon… mais Peter<\/strong><\/span> se s\u00e9pare du <\/span>Symbiote<\/span><\/strong><\/span> au m\u00eame endroit, au m\u00eame moment. Le hasard, tout \u00e7a…\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

En tant que <\/span>Venom<\/strong><\/span>, <\/span>Eddie<\/strong> est cat\u00e9gorique sur son <\/span><\/span>refus de commettre des actes allant \u00e0 l’encontre de sa foi, ce qui pousse le <\/span>Symbiote<\/strong> <\/span>\u00e0 ne tuer que des criminels. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Peter Parker & Virtue (MARVEL KNIGHTS: SPIDER-MAN #14, 2005), dessins de Billy Tan \u00a9 Marvel<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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PARLONS-EN: BATMAN EST-IL UN TUEUR ?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Chez <\/span><\/span>DC Comics<\/strong><\/span>, la religion est moins pr\u00e9sente que dans les \u0153uvres de leur concurrent, mais elle n’en est pas absente pour autant. Entre autres, nous pouvons retrouver <\/span>Nightrunner<\/strong><\/span> et <\/span>Green<\/strong> Lantern<\/strong><\/span> (<\/span>Simon Baz<\/strong><\/span>) qui sont musulmans sunnites \u2013 <\/span>Bilal Asselah<\/span><\/strong> alias<\/span> <\/span>Nightrunner<\/strong><\/span> est tr\u00e8s religieux,<\/span> <\/span>Aalok<\/strong><\/span> et<\/span> <\/span>Afni<\/strong><\/span> qui sont hindou,<\/span> <\/span>Green Lantern<\/strong><\/span> (<\/span>John Stuart<\/strong><\/span>) et<\/span> <\/span>Harley Quinn<\/strong><\/span> qui sont juifs, ou encore<\/span> Blue Beetle<\/strong> <\/span>et<\/span> <\/span>Doctor Mid-Nite<\/strong> <\/span>qui sont catholiques… mais le sujet est moins approfondi que chez<\/span> <\/span>Marvel<\/span><\/strong>. La folie religieuse est tout de m\u00eame repr\u00e9sent\u00e9e via certaines organisations extr\u00e9mistes comme <\/span>l’Ordre de Saint-Dumas, <\/strong><\/span>un groupe sectaire d\u00e9riv\u00e9 de l’Ordre des Templiers<\/strong>\u00a0d’o\u00f9 vient Azrael<\/strong><\/span>, le rempla\u00e7ant de Bruce Wayne<\/strong><\/span> en tant que Batman<\/strong><\/span> durant l’\u00e9v\u00e9nement KNIGHTFALL.<\/strong><\/em><\/span> \u00a0<\/span><\/p>

Au cin\u00e9ma, en dehors des rares personnages qui exhibent leurs croyances comme <\/span>Daredevil<\/strong><\/span>, <\/span>Constantine<\/strong><\/span>, ou encore <\/span>Miss Marvel<\/strong><\/span>, la religion fait son apparition sous forme d’adaptation sc\u00e9naristique et visuelle. Par exemple, au sein du <\/span>DC Extended Universe<\/span><\/strong>, <\/span>Superman<\/strong> <\/span>est trait\u00e9 comme une figure christique. De nombreux plans de <\/span>MAN OF STEEL<\/strong><\/span> et<\/span> BATMAN V SUPERMAN <\/strong><\/span>sont des quasi reproductions de tableaux mettant en sc\u00e8ne <\/span>J\u00e9sus<\/strong>\u00a0lors de ses diff\u00e9rentes \u00e9pop\u00e9es bibliques, tandis que <\/span>X-MEN 2<\/strong><\/span> utilise l’un des r\u00e9cits les plus importants des trois religions monoth\u00e9istes avec <\/span>Jean Grey<\/strong><\/span>, une repr\u00e9sentante du <\/span>peuple choisi par Dieu <\/em>selon <\/span>Magneto<\/strong> <\/span>qui s\u00e9pare la mer en deux pour permettre la survie des siens, \u00e0 l’image de <\/span>Mo\u00efse<\/strong> qui sauve son peuple de <\/span>Pharaon<\/strong>\u00a0en ouvrant la<\/span> Mer Rouge <\/strong>en deux.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Superman (Henry Cavill), MAN OF STEEL \u00a9 Warner Bros.,\nDC Entertainment<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\u2727<\/strong><\/span><\/h1>

Quelle est la place de la religion au sein des comics<\/em> ? Elle est centrale. Son absence dans la majorit\u00e9 des adaptations en live-action ne fait pas d’elle un \u00e9l\u00e9ment totalement inexistant, bien au contraire… <\/span><\/b>Le<\/span> Marvel Cinematic Universe<\/span><\/em> tant adul\u00e9 fait m\u00eame l’\u00e9loge du monoth\u00e9iste lors de la rencontre entre\u00a0<\/span> Captain America <\/span>et<\/span>\u00a0Thor<\/span>. Le fait qu’une personne arbore sa religion dans une s\u00e9rie ou un film n’en fait pas pour autant une \u0153uvre\u00a0woke<\/em>\u00a0mais, au contraire, une \u0153uvre au plus proche de ce qu’est le comics<\/em> en tant que tel. <\/span><\/b><\/p>

Car oui, le comics<\/em> est un m\u00e9dia woke<\/em> qui n’existe que pour \u00e9veiller les consciences en faisant passer des messages soci\u00e9taires et lutter contre diverses discriminions, bien que ce soit \u00e9galement utilis\u00e9 comme moyen de propagande politique, comme la fois o\u00f9<\/span> Spider-Man<\/span> a fait \u00e9quipe avec Barack Obama pour arr\u00eater le<\/span> Cam\u00e9l\u00e9on<\/span>\u00a0(<\/span>AMAZING SPIDER-MAN #583<\/em><\/span>)<\/span> mais \u00e7a, c’est une autre histoire…\u00a0<\/span><\/b><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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La version vid\u00e9o <\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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L'AUTEUR<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\"\"<\/a><\/figure>

YANNIS FARDEAU<\/a><\/h3>

Co-fondateur de COMIX'TR\u00caME \u2500 fana de Stephen King, Potterhead, et passionn\u00e9 de blagues Carambar. Collectionne des alpagas (vivants) pour devenir ma\u00eetre du monde et, objectivement, manger des glaces. <\/p><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Suite \u00e0 la pol\u00e9mique entourant la s\u00e9rie MISS MARVEL de Disney+, nous avons voulu r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 une question: Quelle est la place de la religion dans les comics ?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":11939,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[15,7],"tags":[55,80,20,320,116,27,321,114,88,30,58,66],"class_list":["post-11935","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-parlons-en","category-rubriques","tag-batman-comics","tag-captain-america-comics","tag-dc-comics","tag-dc-extended-universe","tag-dust-comics","tag-marvel","tag-marvel-cinematic-universe","tag-miss-marvel-comics","tag-parlons-en","tag-rubriques","tag-spider-man-comics","tag-x-men-comics"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"yoast_head":"\nParlons-en: Les super-h\u00e9ros religieux - 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